Alice CMS

Semiconductors are the detached class of substances. People got known about such materials in the end of the 19th century, but only in the 20th century scientists managed to get more knowledge about them. In 1923 Russian scientists proved the ability of usage of semiconductor-metal contacts to accelerate the generation of fluctuations. During further years diodes were excluded by tubes. Just in the beginning of the 50’s with the invention of transistors in 1949 the wide usage of crystal detectors began. The intensive studying of the features of semiconductors began at the same time.

The interest to optical characteristics of semiconductors revived due to discovery of induced emission in semiconductors. It led to the creation of semiconductor laser system based on usage of p – n barriers and then on heterojunction.

Today we can see a great deal of different pulsed power devices which operate with help of usage of semiconductors. These substances have been studying for not so long but radio electronics and lots of other sciences can’t do without usage of semiconductors.

Semiconductors are a wide class of matters that are characterized by the value of conductivity which lies between the conductivities of metals and isolators. Such substances as germanium, silicon, selenium and some others are considered to be semiconductors.

For quite long period of time semiconductors haven’t drawn the attention of scientists and engineers. Firstly the researches of semiconductors were begun by famous soviet scientist Abram Ioffe. He discovered that semiconductors are the special class of crystals with some unique features. There are electron conduction and hole conduction provided by semiconductor systems. It is related to the chemical composition of the introduced admixtures. The admixtures influence significantly on the electron conduction of the semiconductors.

The most important semiconductor devices that are used in technologies are diodes, transistors and thyristors that are based on materials with electron and hole conductions. The wide application of semiconductors started not so long ago but today they are really widely used. They are able to transform light and heat energy into electric energy and vice versa. With help of electricity they can create heat and cold. Semiconductor devices can be found in radio receiver and quantum generator, in little atomic battery and in microprocessors. Engineers can’t do without semiconductor rectifiers, changers, voltage sensors and amplifiers. The usage of semiconductors instead of tube systems allows to reduce the sizes and masses of electronic devices. When semiconductors are used some important characteristics as power and reliability are being improved a lot.

Day after day we can hear about some modern inventions that help people to heave more conveniences or even save the life. All these inventions appear just owing to the semiconductor devices.

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